HHSRS Hazard 22 - Falls Between Levels

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If a tenant reports a property to the Council for a HHSRS Hazard 22 - Falls Between Levels issue, the Council is legally obligated to inspect the property for all 29 hazards outlined in the Housing Health & Safety Rating System (HHSRS).

If the Council uncovers any Category 1 risks, it is obliged by law to take action against the landlord and any associated agents. This is not just a formality; it is a serious obligation that must be addressed.

Hazard 22 - Falls Between Levels

This hazard covers falls from one level to another, inside or outside a dwelling, where the difference in levels is more than 300mm. It includes, for example, falls out of windows, falls from balconies or landings, falls from accessible roofs, into basement wells, and over garden retaining walls.

The ease of opening windows, the distance they can be opened, the height of the sill and the design of the opening light will all have a bearing on the possibility of an occurrence. For windows above ground floor level, the ease of cleaning from inside will affect the likelihood of an occurrence.

Vulnerable Group: Under 5 years

Defects & Justifications

Ease of window operation - degree of difficulty to use window catches and opening lights.
Safety catches - lack of such catches or features to catches.
Opening limiters - no restriction preventing windows being opened more than 100mm.
Sill heights - less than 1,100mm above floor level and/or lack of safety glass or guarding.
Disrepair of window - to frame, catches, hinges, sashes, safety devices and opening lights.
Ease of cleaning - outer surfaces that are difficult to clean.
Height of guarding - extending less than 1,100mm above the balcony, roof surface or floor.
Easily climbed guarding - constructed so as to facilitate climbing by young children.
Openings in guarding - openings greater than 100mm.
Construction/repair of guarding - insufficient strength and fixing.
Height above ground - the distance of a fall to the ground or next level.
Nature of ground - the nature of the surface and any features which may be collided with.
Non-safety glass - the lack of safety glass where appropriate in the window or guarding.

Index of HHSRS Hazards

Rectifying the HHSRS Hazard 22 - Falls Between Levels: Guidance Checklist

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How can I prevent falls between different levels in a property?

Install secure handrails and guardrails on stairs, landings, and balconies. Ensure they meet height and strength standards for safety.

Are open staircases a hazard for children?

Yes, open risers or gaps in balustrades can pose a serious risk. Fit stair gates, baluster infills, or safety barriers to reduce the danger.

What should I do about steep or narrow stairs?

Consider installing a second handrail, non-slip treads, and clearly marked edges. If possible, carry out structural alterations to widen or adjust the pitch of the stairs.

Can attic or loft ladders cause falls?

Yes, especially if they are unstable or poorly fixed. Use fold-out ladders that are securely anchored and provide hand support where possible.

How do I ensure safety on external steps or paths between levels?

Keep steps clear, well-lit, and in good repair. Add non-slip surfaces and handrails where necessary to reduce the risk of falls, especially in wet weather.